空中支援分局 - 旋翼机课程

空中支援分局 - 旋翼机课程

1 由 David Beck

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ROTORCRAFT STUDY PLAN

Fixed wing study plan for new pilots from the LEO and FD departments.

Lesson 1

• Pre-flight Checklist
• Flight Controls
• Takeoff Checklist
• ATC communications
• Speeds
• Climb
• Descend
• Student's turn to perform the shown maneuvers

Lesson 2

• Remind them of the ATC communications
• Taxiing
• Hovering
• Circuits

Lesson 3

• Show the map for the training and explain to them the details, including that 2 small 6 means 2600 feet.
• Radio communications at the precise locations.
• Landing at La Puerta helipads.
• Take off and return to Sandy Shores.
• Landing zones
• Off-airport landing and landing in confined spaces
• Discuss the dangers (dynamic rollover, settling with power)
• Autorotations

一级警监 David Beck
空中支援分局 - 指挥官
洛圣都警察局 — “保护与服务”

旋翼机 - 第一课 - 翼机执行计划

2 由 David Beck

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ROTORCRAFT - Lesson 1

Rotorcraft execution plan for lesson 1

Lesson 1- Information

• Pre-flight Checklist
• Flight Controls
• Takeoff Checklist
• Speeds
• Climb
• Descend
• Student's turn to perform the shown maneuvers

Pre-flight checklist

• CONTROL SURFACES - Check the aircraft's main rotor as well as the tail and the tail rotor for any damages.
• SKIDS/LANDING GEAR - Check the aircraft's skids or landing gear for any damages.
• WINDSHIELD COVERS - Remove the covers off the aircraft's windshields.
• FUSELAGE - Check the aircraft's body for any damages.

Note: Any damages may refer to dents, scrapes, cracks, etc;

Flight controls

• COLLECTIVE LEVER - This lever is on the left side of the pilot's seat and it is used to raise the helicopter up, as well as descend it down.
• THROTTLE - A small twist-able grip located at the end of the collective. The throttle is connected directly to the collective positioning, therefore, manual changes should be performed only when necessary. Increase the throttle when ascending, and decrease it when descending.
• CYCLIC - This is the joystick-like "stick" located directly in front of the pilot’s seat. It is a very sensitive tool that allows you to tilt the aircraft forward and backward (pitch), as well as left and right (roll).
• ANTI-TORQUE PEDALS - There are two pedals on the floor, they're used to control the tail rotor.

Take-off checklist

• SEATBELT - ON
• INTERCOM - CONNECTED AND ON
• HYD PRESSURE - 20 PSI
• FIRE TEST - ON - Wait for an alarm sound to be heard and then switch to NORM.
• WARNING LIGHTS - TEST - Once the entire dashboard lights up, set to BRT.
• BATTERY - TEST - All lights for the battery test should light up in green.

If BATTERY CHECK CHARGE is OK, proceed with the next step below:
• BATTERY - [ON]
• INTERNAL/INSTRUMENT LIGHTS - [AS NEEDED] ([ON] in darker hours, [OFF] if instruments are visible)
• BATTERY VOLTAGE - [CHECK]
• EMERGENCY OXYGEN SYSTEM - [TEST]
• APU - [ON] ((Auxiliary power unit)) - APU should make a noise in the back of the helicopter, indicating that it is turning on.
• APU GEN - [ON]
• ELECTRIC FUEL PUMPS - [ON]
• FUEL LEVELS - [CHECK]
• INS - [ALIGN] ((Inertial navigation system))
• DISPLAYS - [ON]
• ROTOR BRAKE - [RELEASE]
• ENGINE CRANK - [ON] (( /ENGINE ))
• ENGINE GEN - [ON]
• HYDRAULIC PUMPS - [ON]
• INS - [NAV]
• APU - [OFF]
• RPM - 80%

ATC communications

Explain the various aspects of ATC communications by providing them with examples of the various situations (takeoff, landing, taxiing, zone transitioning)

Sandy Shores Traffic, N101BA taking off via Runway 25 to the West. Climbing 2000ft initially.

Sandy Shores Traffic, N101BA descending towards Sandy's Airfield from 1000 feet and starting an approach for runway 07 for landing.

LS Traffic, N101BA approaching LSIA's runway Thirty Right at 600 feet and starting a right-hand traffic pattern for runway Thirty Right.

LS Traffic, N101BA entering LS airspace over the Vinewood Hills at 1500 feet, heading **********....

Speeds

• TAXI - You must maintain no more than 30mph while taxiing.
• CLIMB - You must maintain 80mph while climbing.
• DESCENT - You must maintain 65mph during descent.

Descending

• COLLECTIVE + THROTTLE - ((hold S)) bring the COLLECTIVE in the opposite direction in order to begin the descent adjust the throttle in order to maintain a descent at a speed of 65mph.

The following flight path is to be used for lesson 1:

You have successfully completed lesson one, Congratulations!

一级警监 David Beck
空中支援分局 - 指挥官
洛圣都警察局 — “保护与服务”

旋翼机 - 第 2 课

3 由 David Beck

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ROTORCRAFT - LESSON 2

Rotorcraft execution plan for lesson 2

Lesson 2- Information

• Taxiing
• Hovering
• Circuits
• Autorotations

Taxiing

The taxiing is always performed at an altitude of no more than 150 feet. The first step is to taxi to the runway where the exercise will be explained and then demonstrated:

Taxiing exercise includes:
• Position on Runway 22 and taxi it at full length before turning around and taxiing it back to the point of origin.
• Taxi forward all the way and then start taxiing in reverse until you reach the intersection which is approximately halfway back.
• Taxi sideways all the way and then back to the intersection.

Hovering

Hovering exercise includes:
• The hovering exercise only requires the student to pick a tile at the airfield and then hover above it steady for one minute straight without touching the ground and without leaving the boundaries of the chosen tile.
•The student then needs to orbit around the tree in the intersection, facing it while doing so.

Circuits

The following exercise is to be performed:
• Radio call to ATC.

Sandy Shores traffic. CALL_SIGN taking off runway 22, climbing to 500 feet, left-hand circuit for Runway 22.

• The instructor demonstrates the circuit exercise before allowing the student to do it. The pilot must follow the dirt road and then fly alongside the prison but never over it, then head back to Runway 22 but do not cross Runway 25.

Autorotations

The following exercise is to be performed with the helicopter SEASPARROW ((SEASPARROW2)):
• Explain to the student what the autorotations are.
•Demonstrate the autorotations to the student. Take off and climb above 600 feet and head towards the desired runway while keeping a constant speed of 80MPH before reaching the runway, drop the collective ((press Y to turn off the engine)) and then use the airspeed to slide towards the runway, executing a flare before reaching the ground so you can slow down and reduce the speed ((press NUMPAD 5 to perform a flare. You can press Y to start the engine and W to keep or gain altitude when needed. ))*

Repeat the above as many times as needed until a satisfactory result is achieved.

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You have successfully completed lesson two, Congratulations!

一级警监 David Beck
空中支援分局 - 指挥官
洛圣都警察局 — “保护与服务”

旋翼机 - 第 3 课

4 由 David Beck

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旋翼飞行器 - 课程 3

旋翼执行计划课程 3

课程 3- 资料

• Show the map for the training and explain it to them, including that 2 small 6 means 2600 feet.
• Radio communications at the precise locations.
• Landing at La Puerta helipads.
• Take off and return to Sandy Shores.
• Off-airport landing and landing in confined spaces
• Dangers

• Show the map for the training and explain it to them, including the written heights on the map, even that 2 with a small 6 behind it, which means 2600 feet.
• Begin with a take-off and proceed to follow the red route as shown on the map and maintain an altitude of about 2000 feet throughout the flight to La Puerta, make sure that they call in over the radio upon reaching the radio call location that's shown on the map in order to call in the transition into LS airspace. Land at La Puerta.
• Example for radio call:

Sandy Shores traffic. CALL_SIGN over Tongva Mountains/Reservoir/County Jail, 2000 feet, entering LS airspace, descending to 500 feet for La Puerta approach.

• Time to take off, do it and climb up to 2000 feet and proceed to follow the green route as shown on the map, upon reaching the radio call marker on the map make sure that your student calls in over the radio the transition from one airspace to another.
• Example for radio call:

LS traffic. CALL_SIGN over Chumash, 1500 feet, entering Sandy Shores airspace, descending to 500 feet for Sandy approach.

Landing away from airports/helipads - Landing in confined spaces

[b• In this lesson we are focusing on landing away from airports in areas where no helipads are present, as well as places with limited space.
• As part of this lesson, you must discuss the dangers of dynamic rollover and settling with power.[/b]

A landing zone has to be free of:
•Oncoming traffic.*
• Any civilians who are not involved in the rescue operation.
• Fire or fire-related smoke.
• Large rocks, holes, and large openings, etc;
• Power lines and other standing objects within an area of 30 x 30 meters (100 x 100 feet).

A landing zone is preferred to be marked with flares that indicate a collision-free zone for the aircraft where nothing presents a danger of striking the aircraft, or nothing may prove to be an obstacle.

• Dynamic rollover:
You have a series of conditions that combine to make a dangerous situation. 3 key elements make up this hazardous condition. They are: A pivot point, a rolling moment, and weight equal to thrust at some time during the maneuver. What actually happens is that the helicopter, which is still on the ground, will start to roll over on its side using one skid, or wheel, as the pivot point.

Once the aircraft starts to roll, a downward collective movement is the only thing that will stop the forces in action from flipping the aircraft on its side. By reducing the collective, the thrust-to-weight ratio decreases, which allows the aircraft to settle back down in a level attitude. If this is done on sideward sloping terrain, a collective reduction performed too quickly can cause the aircraft to roll over on the other side, down the slope. Care must be exercised when performing slope landings, but dynamic rollover can occur on the flattest of surfaces if the pilot becomes complacent.

• Settling with power
Settling with power can be a dangerous condition that any pilot may face, and if he or she is not on their toes, it may cause a serious uncontrollable situation. Settling with power is basically when the helicopter settles into the rotor wash produced by its own main rotor system. It requires 3 key elements to occur, and these conditions should be avoided in combination with one another.
These are: A near-zero airspeed, up to 100% power applied, and a better than 300-foot-per-minute rate of descent. Once you have all of these situations in occurrence, the aircraft will settle in its own downwash from the rotor system. The only way to recover is to gain forward airspeed and allow the rotor system to fly into "Clean air". Once the rotor system is clear of the rotor wash, it will become efficient again, and then settling with power conditions will cease to exist.
This can become a real problem at an out-of-ground effect hover (Above 100 feet from the ground) and during landings.

• Prior to landing survey the landing area first, orbit around the landing location to recognize the area, and then perform a landing. Make sure to be always aware of the location of the tail rotor and make sure to always keep it far from pedestrian movement.

• Paleto Cove and Catfish Island are two good locations to perform such landings, photos are attached below:
• Off-airport landing:

• Areas good for performing the confined space areas landings are the following:

You have successfully completed lesson three, Congratulations!

一级警监 David Beck
空中支援分局 - 指挥官
洛圣都警察局 — “保护与服务”

考核

5 由 David Beck

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ROTORCRAFT - EXAM

Rotorcraft - Exam for students who have completed all three lessons successfully.

From lesson 1

• Pre-flight Checklist
• Takeoff Checklist (BIOR)
• Radio communications at the precise locations.

From lesson 2

• Hovering in one position above a tile on the airfield for 60 seconds.
• Hovering/orbiting around the tree.
• 1x Circuit where the student must follow the dirt road and then fly alongside the prison but never over it, then head back to Runway 22 but do not cross Runway 25.

From lesson 3

• Fly to Paleto Cove through the Cassidy Creek canyon.
• Landing at Paleto Cove's largest island and by the pier as per the provided photos in ⁠lesson 3
• Take off and return to Sandy Shores by flying over Paleto Bay and then along the highway. (Around the mountain)

一级警监 David Beck
空中支援分局 - 指挥官
洛圣都警察局 — “保护与服务”

空中支援分局 - 旋翼机课程

6 由 Gavin Kingston

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旋翼飞行器学习计划

执法部门和消防部门的旋翼机飞行员培训

课程 1

• 起飞前检查表
• 飞行控制
• 起飞检查表
• ATC 通信
• 速度
• 爬升
• 降落
• 学员执行所有机动动作

课程 2

• 复述ATC通讯
• 航行
• 悬停
• 通讯

课程 3

• 展示训练用地图并向他们解释，包括地图上所写的高度。
• 降落在La Puerta(洛波塔)停机坪。
• 起飞并返航至Sandy Shores(桑迪海岸)
• 着陆区。
• 机场外着陆和密闭空间着陆。
• 讨论危险（动态翻转、解决动力问题）
• 自旋

Re: 旋翼机 - 第一课 - 翼机执行计划

7 由 Gavin Kingston

课程一

• 起飞前检查表
• 飞行控制
• 起飞检查表
• ATC 通信
• 速度
• 爬升
• 下降
• 学员执行所有机动动作

起飞前检查表

• 控制表面 - 检查飞机的主旋翼、机尾和尾旋翼是否有任何损坏。
• 滑橇/起落架 - 检查飞机的滑橇或起落架是否有任何损坏
• 挡风玻璃保护盖 - 取下飞机挡风玻璃上的保护盖.
• 机身 - 检查飞机的机身是否有任何损坏

注意：损坏可能是任何凹痕、擦伤、裂纹等;

飞行控制

• 总距操纵杆 - 总距操纵杆简称“总矩杆”，该操纵杆位于飞行员座椅的左侧，用于将直升机向上升起和向下降落。
• 节流阀控制器 - 节流阀控制器简称“油门”，位于末端的一个可扭转的小把手。节气门直接连接到集体定位，因此，只有在必要时才应进行手动更改。上升时加大油门，下降时减小油门。.
• 操纵杆 - 这是一个类似总距杆的“操纵杆”，位于飞行员座椅正前方。这是一个非常灵敏的工具，可以使飞机前后倾斜（俯仰）以及左右倾斜（滚转）。
• 脚蹬 - 驾驶室地板上有两个踏板，用于控制尾旋翼，用于控制机身左右水平转向。

起飞检查表

• 座椅安全带 - 系上
• 对讲机 - 已连接
• 液压 - 20 磅每立方米
• 火灾报警系统测试 - ON - 等待听到警报声，然后切换到 NORM。
• 警告灯 - 测试 - 整个仪表板亮起后，设置为 BRT。.
• 电池 - 测试 - 电池测试的所有指示灯均应呈绿色亮起。

如果电池检查充电正常，请继续执行以下步骤:
• 电池 - [开启]
• 内部/仪表灯 - [[根据需要] (天黑时为 [开], 如果仪表可见则为 [关])
• 电池电压 - [检查]
• 应急供氧系统系统 - [测试]
• APU - [开启] ((辅助动力系统)) - APU 应在直升机后部发出噪音，表明其正在开启。
• APU GEN - [开启]((辅助动力系统发电机))
• 电动燃油泵 - [开启]
• 燃油油位 - [检查]
• INS - [对齐] ((惯性导航系统))
• 显示屏 - [开启]
• 转子制动器 - [释放]
• 发动机曲柄 - [开启] (( /ENGINE ))
• 发电机 - [开启]
• 液压泵 - [开启]
• INS - [导航]
• APU - [关闭]
• 转速 - 80%

ATC 通讯

通过向他们提供各种情况的示例（起飞、着陆、滑行、区域转换）来解释 ATC 通讯的各个方面

Sandy Shores Traffic，N101BA 通过 25 号跑道向西起飞。最初爬升2000英尺。

Sandy Shores Traffic，N101BA 从 1000 英尺处向桑迪机场下降，并开始进场至 07 号跑道着陆。

LS Traffic，N101BA 在 600 英尺处接近 LSIA 的“右三十”跑道，并开始在“右三十”跑道上采用右侧交通模式。

LS Traffic，N101BA 在 1500 英尺高处进入 Vinewood Hills 上空的 LS 空域，航向 **********....

速度

• 滑行- 飞行时速度不得超过 30 英里/小时
• 爬升- 爬升时必须保持 80 英里/小时的速度。
• 下降 - 下降过程中您必须保持 65 英里/小时的速度。

下降过程

• 总距操纵杆+油门 - （（按住 S））将总距操纵杆缓慢下放以便开始下降，调整油门以保持以 65 英里/小时的速度下降。

课程 1 将使用以下飞行路径：

您已成功完成课程 1，恭喜！

Re: 旋翼机 - 第 2 课

8 由 Gavin Kingston

课程二

• 滑行
• 悬停
• 通讯
• 自旋

滑行

滑行始终在不超过 150 英尺的高度进行。第一步是滑行到跑道，在那里将解释并演示演习：

滑行练习包括：
• 定位在22 号跑道上并全长滑行，然后掉头滑行返回起始点。
• 一直向前滑行，然后开始反向滑行，直到到达大约中间一半的十字路口。
• 一路滑行，然后返回十字路口。

悬停

悬停练习包括：
• 悬停练习只需要学生在机场挑选一块地块，然后在其上方稳定悬停一分钟，不接触地面，也不离开所选地块的边界。
• 然后，学员需要绕着十字路口的树绕行，同时面对它。

通讯

将进行以下练习：
• 与ATC 进行无线电呼叫。

Sandy Shores traffic.【呼号】从 22 号跑道起飞，爬升至 500 英尺，左转飞往 22 号跑道。

• 教官在允许学员进行循环练习之前先演示该练习。飞行员必须沿着土路行驶，然后沿着监狱飞行，但不得越过它，然后返回 22 号跑道，但不要穿越 25 号跑道。

自旋

以下演习将使用直升机海雀 ((SEASPARROW2)) 进行:
• 向学员解释什么是自旋。
•向学员演示自旋。起飞并爬升到 600 英尺以上并朝所需跑道飞行，同时在到达跑道之前保持 80MPH 的恒定速度，放下总距杆（（按 Y 关闭发动机））然后使用空速滑向跑道，在到达地面之前执行拉平，这样您就可以放慢速度并降低速度（（按数字键盘 5 执行拉平。您可以按 Y 启动发动机，按 W 在需要时保持或获得高度。））*

根据需要多次重复上述操作，直到获得满意的结果。

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您已成功完成课程 2，恭喜！

Re: 旋翼机 - 第 3 课

9 由 Gavin Kingston

课程三

• 展示训练地图并向他们解释，包括2 个小6 表示2600 英尺。
• 在精确位置进行无线电通信。
• 降落在La Puerta （洛波塔）直升机停机坪。
• 起飞并返回桑迪海岸。
• 机场外着陆和密闭空间着陆
• 危险

• 展示训练用地图并向他们解释，包括地图上所写的高度，即使是后面有一个小6 的2，这意味着2600 英尺。
• 从起飞开始，沿着地图上显示的红色路线前进，并在飞往La Puerta （洛波塔）的整个飞行过程中保持约 2000 英尺的高度，确保他们在到达无线电呼叫位置后通过无线电呼叫。地图上显示，以便呼叫过渡到 LS 空域。降落在La Puerta （洛波塔）。
• 无线电呼叫示例：

Sandy Shores traffic. 【呼号】位于通瓦山脉/水库/县监狱上空，高度 2000 英尺，进入 LS 空域，下降至 500 英尺以进行La Puerta （洛波塔）进场。

• 起飞后，爬升到 2000 英尺，继续沿着地图上显示的绿色路线前进，到达地图上的无线电呼叫标记后，确保您的学生通过无线电呼叫从一处过渡到另一处。空域到另一个。
• 无线电呼叫示例：

LS traffic. 【呼号】位于丘马什上空，海拔 1500 英尺，进入桑迪海岸空域，下降至 500 英尺以进行桑迪进近。

远离机场/直升机停机坪着陆 - 在密闭空间内着陆

• 在本课程中，我们重点关注在没有直升机停机坪的区域以及空间有限的地方远离机场的着陆情况。
• 作为本课程的一部分，您必须讨论动态翻转和功率稳定的危险。

着陆区不得有：
正在进行的交通活动.*
• 任何未参与救援行动的平民。
• 火灾或与火灾有关的烟雾。
• 大岩石、隧道等；
• 30 x 30 米（100 x 100 英尺）区域内的电线杆和其他垂直高度物体。

着陆区优选地标有照明弹，以指示飞机的无碰撞区域，其中没有任何物体存在撞击飞机的危险，或者没有任何物体可以被证明是障碍物。

• 动态翻转：
一系列的条件结合在一起会造成危险的情况。 3 个关键要素构成了这种危险状况。它们是：枢轴点、滚动力矩以及在机动过程中某个时刻等于推力的重量。实际发生的情况是，仍在地面上的直升机将开始以一个滑橇或轮子作为枢轴点侧翻。

一旦飞机开始动态翻转，向下的力是唯一能阻止飞机侧翻的方法。通过减少总力矩，推重比会降低，从而使飞机能够以水平姿态稳定下来。如果这是在侧坡地形上进行的，那么总距甘减速执行得太快可能会导致飞机在另一侧翻滚，沿着斜坡滚下。进行斜坡着陆时必须小心，但如果飞行员过于自信，在最平坦的表面上可能会发生动态翻滚。

• 动力不稳
动力不稳可能是任何飞行员都可能面临的情况，如果他或她不保持警惕，可能会导致严重到无法控制的灾难。动力不稳基本上是指直升机进入其自身主旋翼系统产生的旋翼涡流中。它需要 3 个关键要素才能发生，并且应避免这些条件同时出现。
它们是：接近零的空速、高达 100% 的功率以及优于每分钟 300 英尺的下降率。一旦发生所有这些情况，机身将会被暴露旋翼产生的涡流中。恢复的唯一方法是获得前进空速并让旋翼系统飞入“空旷且气流稳定空域”。一旦引涡流被清除，飞行器将再次变得稳定。这在离地效应悬停（距地面 100 英尺以上）和着陆期间是极其有可能发生的。

• 着陆前先勘察着陆区域，围绕着陆位置绕行以识别该区域，然后执行着陆。确保始终了解尾桨的位置，并确保始终使其远离行人移动。

• (Paleto Cove)佩利托湾和(Catfish Island)鲶鱼岛是进行此类着陆的两个好地点，照片如下：
• 机场外着陆：

• 适合执行密闭空间区域着陆的区域如下：

您已成功完成课程 3，恭喜!

Re: 考核

10 由 Gavin Kingston

旋翼机 - 针对成功完成所有三门课程的学生的考试

从课程 1开始

• 飞行前检查清单
• 起飞检查表 (BIOR)
• 在精确位置进行无线电通信。

从课程 2开始

• 在机场一块地块上方的某个位置悬停 60 秒。
• 在树周围盘旋/绕行。
• 1x 盘旋，学员必须沿着土路行驶，然后沿着监狱飞行，但不得飞越监狱，然后返回 22 号跑道，但不得越过 25 号跑道。

From lesson 3

• 穿过卡西迪小径(Cassidy Creek) 峡谷飞往佩利托湾(Paleto Cove)。
• 根据第 3 课中提供的照片，在佩利托湾(Paleto Cove)最大的岛屿和码头着陆
• 飞越佩利托湾(Paleto Cove)，然后沿着高速公路起飞并返回桑迪海岸。（山周围）

洛圣都警察局

"To protect and To serve"

空中支援分局 - 旋翼机课程

空中支援分局 - 旋翼机课程

旋翼机 - 第一课 - 翼机执行计划

旋翼机 - 第 2 课

旋翼机 - 第 3 课

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空中支援分局 - 旋翼机课程

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Re: 旋翼机 - 第 3 课

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